Chemistry Is Everywhere Essay

Everything you hear, see, smell, taste, and touch involves chemistry and chemicals (matter). And hearing, seeing, tasting, and touching all involve intricate series of chemical reactions and interactions in you body. With such an enormous range of topics, it is essential to know about chemistry at some level in order to understand the world around us. In more formal terms chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it can undergo. Chemists sometimes refer to matter as ‘stuff’, and indeed so it is. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Which is to say, anything you can touch or hold. Common usage might have us believe that ‘chemicals’ are just those substances in laboratories or something that is not a natural substance. Far from it, chemists believe that everything is made of chemicals. Although there are countless types of matter all around us, this complexity is composed of various combinations of some 100 chemical elements. The names of some of these elements will be familiar to almost everyone. Elements such as hydrogen, chlorine, silver, and copper are part of our everyday knowledge. Far fewer people have heard of selenium or rubidium or hassium. Nevertheless, all matter is composed of various combinations of these basic elements. The wonder of chemistry is that when these basic particles are combined, they make something new and unique. Consider the element sodium. It is a soft, silvery metal. It reacts violently with water, giving off hydrogen gas and enough heat to make the hydrogen explode. Nasty ‘stuff’. Also consider chlorine, a green gas when at room temperature. It is very caustic and choking, and is nasty enough that it was used as a horrible chemical gas weapon in the last century. So what kind of horrible mess is produced when sodium and chlorine are combined? Nothing more than sodium chloride, common table salt. Table salt does not explode in water or choke us; rather, it is a common additive for foods we eat everyday. And so it is with chemistry, understanding the basic properties of matter and learning how to predict and explain how they change when they react to form new substances is what chemistry and chemists are all about. Chemistry is not limited to beakers and laboratories. It is all around us, and the better we know chemistry, the better we know our world.

Indian Telecom Sector Employability Skills

( Employability Skills for Indian Mobile Phones Telecom Sector First Author: Rishi Kapal, BE, LLB, PGPM (Vice President-Sony Mobile Communications, India) Abstract It may not known to many that after Alexander Graham bell invented the first telephone, Motorola’s Martin Cooper is understood to have created the first mobile phone, followed by IBM-Bellsouth making the first Smartphone. However, in the present day, not much is heard about the companies that pioneered the mobile and Smartphones revolution.Indian telecom sector story is only getting better by the day, however, the growth sustenance and leveraging technology for better use in only possible if our population could be transformed to a real productive employment asset. In this paper, the important aspect of employability in Indian telecom Sector will be highlighted INTRODUCTION Indian telecom industry underwent a high pace of market liberalization and growth since 1990s and now has become the world's most competitive an d one of the fastest growing telecom markets.The Industry has grown over twenty times in just ten years, from under 37 million subscribers in the year 2001 to over 846 million subscribers in the year 2011. India has the  world's second-largest  mobile phone user base with over 929. 37 million users as of May 2012. It has the  world's third-largest  Internet user-base with over 137 million as of June 2012. [pic] THE RISE OF INDIA MOBILE PHONES INDUSTRY The explosion of mobile phones sector is attributed to the following three factors: 1. Opening up of new technology 2. Convergence of computing and telephony 3. Mobile Phones EnablementOPENING UP OF NEW WIRELESS TECHNNOLOGY Till 2010, India was a pure-play GSM and CDMA technology driven country whereas rest of the world had moved to 3G(HSPA+) and few advanced nations(like Japan) already launching LTE(Long Term Evolution) high speed wireless technologies. Post the 3G and BWA auctions in India, the wireless technology landscape s tarted changing and alongside it brought the need for differently (enhanced) skilled professionals to handle new technology and associated devices. A brief snapshot of the wireless technologies deployed in India is below: [pic]India today is on the forefront of telecom services and related content. This changes the way the telecom products are conceptualized, priced, launched and their life cycle is managed. Not much of this is known to the budding leaders during their academic orientations. CONVERGENCE OF COMPUTING AND TELEPHONY In today’s world, computers are used to make voice calls (Gtalk, Skype) and phones are used for data access. So each device has evolved from its original function and become multi tasked. This convergence of devices ecosystem is happening due to the following:For most time in computing technology, microprocessors were traditionally associated with computers and other IT related products. However, since the last two years, phones are also sold based o n the GHZ speed of processor that makes them run, various related aspects like single core, dual core and quad core processors. Now, this has brought about a major shift in consumer behavior whereby a buyer actually decides about a phone not just by looks and geeks but begins with the processor strengths and data speeds supported.This all comes with perceived compromise on battery life however the mobile phones processor manufacturers are fast gaining ground in terms of optimizing battery life for higher processor power. MOBILE PHONES ENABLEMENT A natural question about why is the mobile phone industry growing at a strong pace is obvious. Firstly, India is now moving to be a strong mobile replacement market. The mobile sales ratio is skewed to replacement buyers as compared to first term buyers as per industry sources. Hence there is a two-fold demand now.Alongside, mobile phones have become the first internet access device for the youth and hence the mobile internet penetration mom entum is making up the volume. Lastly, a mobile phone is no longer a luxury and is affordable by anyone, at a cost as low as $15. All these factors are leading to a strong growth in mobile phone sales. MOBILE PHONES DISTRUBUTION SYSTEM Let us now examine the mobile phones sales and distribution systems to better understand the required skills that need to be acquired by professionals aspiring to work in this sector. [pic]The firs layer does product sell-in to the second layer which in-turn works for shop level product placement and sales. The final sales to end customer is referred to as Sell thru. The mobile distribution model is extremely dynamic and need of the hour may change regularly due to competitive launches and initiatives. Each product has its own merits, positioning and technological implications. Traditional models of distribution don’t always work in realms of the mobile words due to the amount of need-of-the-hour and flexibility mechanisms required to be adopte d. EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS FOR THE MOBILE SECTORROI : Relationship, Ownership, Initiative †¢ Relationship: mobile phone industry is too diverse and needs one on one relationship mapping with the ecosystem stakeholders in product development and distribution. The †¢ Ownership: professionals without adequacy of understanding of ownership will not cut it into the telecom †¢ Initiative: India is a distribution led mobile market, unlike the mature markets like US where wireless operators dominate mobile phones sales channel. Every skilled professional aspiring for working in the Indian telecom sector needs to have self initiative to innovate reach and execution.Alongside the above, the professionals must understand that the mobile phones propositions are undergoing a change: VRS (Value, Range, Service) †¢ Value : value proposition to the customers is fast changing with the advent of Smartphones †¢ Range: Customer associated with brands that have a range(portfolio) a nd not one off products(iPhone is an exception) †¢ Service: Post sales support for sophisticated devices has become a strong reason to buy. As per the nationwide study conducted by MeriTrac, of marks secured by 2264 MBAs who sat for tests by recruiting companies, only 21% were found to be actually employable.The latest figures show a sharp decline – the last such survey done in 2007 placed employability at 25%. Drawn from over 100 B-Schools beyond the Top 25 in the country, the students who were covered by the survey were tested for verbal ability, quantitative ability and reasoning. This despite the fact that more and more B-schools are mushrooming across the country churning out hundreds upon thousands of freshly-minted MBAs every year. There are other cornerstones of employability skills required in the mobile sector that are influenced by †¢ Consumer purchase behavior †¢ Mobiles Operating System CONSUMER PURCHASE BEHAVIOR [pic]The above purchase behaviors d ictate a different skill set required in professionals dealing with individual or a mix of groups above. A person aspiring to work in the mobile sector must know the purchase behavior intricacies that are closely linked to the technology supported by the phones. MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEMS There are few dominant mobile operating systems viz Android, iOS, Symbian and RIM OS that are most dominant in India. Windows is a fast emerging ecosystem supported by Microsoft and Nokia. A professional must know the advantages of each OS so that the right strategy of product and marketing management can evolve.The strength and diversity of operating system is also ensuring that a mobile phone becomes much more than a mere communication device. It now is a gadget that effects and influences one’s lifestyle, something no one can deny or ignore. [pic][pic] A mobile phone does off jobs of a compass, mirror and a rattler as well. These contemporary, un-orthodox applications are becoming a reason to inquire and buying a phone by many. SUMMARY Indian telecom sector will provide employment to around one crore people by 2012, a study by PwC has said.The telecom industry will provide about 28 lakh direct jobs and around 70 indirect jobs by 2012, the study commissioned by the Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI) and done by PwC said. While the above aspiration is good to have however the industry is able to attract talent but struggling to get the right one. The employability skills required for mobile sector include a thorough understanding of mobile phones technology, various operating systems, consumer purchase behavior, OEM to Market distribution model and multi screen convergence.There are too many mobbing parts in the Indian mobile phone industry and the same are not evidently addressed as a subject matter in various institutions. It is important for colleges to step up and recognize that lack of employability skills for the telecom and especially mobile phone sec tor leaves the new industry entrants in a very awkward and â€Å" I don’t know much† state of mind. This can definitely be changed with institutions opening up their gates to industry professionals and to consulting companies specializing in transition of classrooms to telecom corporates.Steadily, now certain learning and development organizations are evolving that dedicatedly focus on transition programs for students, aimed at the telecom and mobile phones sector. Organizations like MindActiv Consulting (www. mindactiv. co. in) are pioneering in this critical requirement and having the right industry resources at their disposal. Strong and structured programs by MindActiv and such organizations are going to be much more required in the immediate future when the push back for better employable andidates will come from the telecom industry itself. References: 1. The Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicators June 2012, TRAI 2. Economic Times Article August 2011: Tel ecom sector to provide 1 crore jobs by 2012: Study 3. Times of India, August 7, 2012: Only 21% MBAs in India employable: Survey 4. Industry sources About the author: Rishi Kapal completed his schooling from Delhi Public School, RK Puram in 1989. This was followed by a degree in Electronics Engineering in 1993 from Shivaji university.He started his career with HCL in 1993 and during his ongoing career span of 19+ years, has worked with coveted organizations like Tata Telecom, Ericsson, Castrol, Sony Ericsson and Qualcomm to name a few. Presently, Rishi is a Vice President with Sony Mobile Communications. During his professional tenure, Rishi completed his PGPM from International Management Institute and LLB from CCS University. Rishi is passionate about instilling employability skills in the budding new leadership generation and is closely associated with the academia sector for guest lectures and grooming students for their first corporate interface.He has a strong knowledge of mana gement practices required in students pursuing graduate and post graduate courses and has prepared specific training and orientation modules for employability skills enhancement in students. ———————– The total revenue of the Indian telecom sector grew by 7% to  [pic]283,207  crore  (US$53. 53 billion)  for 2010–11 financial year, while revenues from telecom equipment segment stood at  [pic]117,039  crore  (US$22. 12 billion).The depicted increase in telecom penetration has been facilitated with a strong and every growing mobile phone industry, reaching an unprecedented proportion of more than 12Million handsets sold in India every month. IOIP: Most popular, individual pays for the phone and owns it IOCP: Individual owns the phone, paid by the company COCP: Company purchases and provide the phone to employees LTE TDD and HSPA+ is already launched in India. The country is now neck to neck with the world on av ailability of latest wireless technologies.Alongside, consumers are much more aware of the broadband phenomenon and the benefits this advent can deliver. The access device for the new technologies has to be a mobile phone since other consumer equipments are bulky and more appropriate for inhouse only. With this evolution, the need for skilled workforce in technology, strategy, sales, marketing and operations and much more diverse and unique as compared to that exists today. The Indian handset market is growing consistently with a rate of over 12% annually, of which the Smartphones base is expected to grow at a rate of over 60% year of year.The advent of operating systems like Android along-with new broadband wireless internet access technologies is opening up the mobile phones space in India. The OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) works on three retail engagement models: †¢ Master national distributor: imports the products and then associated with regional partners for place ment and sales †¢ Direct Billing: to exclusive stores and conglomerates of high importance †¢ Entrepreneurial Regional partners: Distributors with strong regional command and those who want to deal directly with the company.With the changing shape of Indian telecom sector and need for the skilled population to keep up with the industry resources requirement, there are six dimensions of employability skills that the professionals must have in order to leap into the telecom sector. Each of these dimensions is unique in terms of the capability build up required in professionals, especially graduates and post graduates. Mobile phone industry is part of a unique eco system and must be studied and imbibed from close quarters.

Becoming a Nurse Essay

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the different levels of nursing available to be able to work in the healthcare field, what their job description for each level entails, and determining do they really have what it takes to become a good nurse. INTRODUCTION Attention Getter: First off let me say â€Å"I Love My Job†. I knew from a childhood age that I wanted to be a nurse. There is nothing better than the great feeling that comes over you knowing you are able to comfort, encourage and instruct a stranger in their time of need; Knowing that you have touched their lives, or a family members life, in a way that they will never forget. Audience motivation: A lot of individuals become or think they want to become a nurse because of the pay scale. They believe it is an â€Å"easy† way to make a living. I am here to inform you of the other side of nursing; you know the one no one lets you in on until the first day on the job. Credibility: I have always been a nurturer by nature, even in childhood with friends, siblings and at points in time feeling as if I was the parent and protector of my mother. I find great interest in certain illnesses, their causes and their cures, being able to provide informative information to patients, their family members, and the general public, and to bring awareness of issues, cures and treatments to the forefront. Purpose: I am going to place this question in your thoughts; â€Å"Am I considering a career in nursing due to the prospect of an easy salary, or do I truly have the heart and personality that is required to be a success in this field.† Preview: Today I am going to outline the multiple levels of nursing certificates, licenses and degrees available. I will discuss the job description and care you will be expected to provide to the  patient at each level. Finally I will discuss the bottom line; you know the one factor that influences over half of all individuals to become a nurse. [Transition]: Let us begin with touching on the levels available to work in while employed in the nursing arena of healthcare. BODY I. The field of nursing offers many opportunities for individuals who are considering this as a career move. Keeping in mind no matter what level you choose in nursing it will be a very demanding and rewarding career to participate in. A. There are different levels of nursing starting at the beginning with a CNA, PCT, LPN, RN, and eventually ending with ARNP. Certified Nursing Assistant- referred to a CNA. Working in hospitals, long term facilities, assisted living centers, adult day care centers, home health agencies and other medical, community and residential settings. A Certified Nursing Assistant is authorized to perform specific duties to assist nurses. CNAs work closely with patients to help provide care for their basic physical and emotional needs, and may also perform vital signs and administer medications â€Å"if† licensed to do so. BODY (Continued) Licensed Practical Nurse- referred to as an LPN. helps physicians and registered nurses (RNs) care for patients. They have the teaching and knowledge to perform routine nursing duties. LPNs also schedule appointments, maintain patient records, and perform clerical style duties. Available positions can be found in hospitals, nursing homes, and multiple health care institutions, and private homes. Registered Nurse- referred to as an RN. You treat patients and help in their rehabilitation, provide advice and emotional support to patients’ families. Many registered nurses are general duty nurses who focus on the overall care of the patents. In addition to patient care they are placed in positions of supervising LPNs and CNAs, nursing aides and orderlies. They hold responsibility for scheduling of nurse staffing and patient assignments to other nursing based on that nurse’s experience and abilities. Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner- referred to ARNP practice advanced n ursing in one of four specialized areas, including Certified Nurse Anesthetists, Certified Nurse Midwives, Certified Nurse Practitioners and Clinical Nurse Specialists. Nurse Practitioners are licensed to practice independently without direct supervision. Nurse Practitioners work in a variety of settings to include private practice, hospitals, ambulatory care centers, public health departments, school based health clinics and other settings. B. There are multiple work shifts available to all levels of nursing, which makes this field appealing to many people. Eight hour shifts are generally available within the office settings of private practice facilities. This shift generally runs 08:00 am to 5:00 pm. Twelve hour shifts are the general guideline that majority of hospitals schedule by in today’s time. These shifts normally run between 07:00 am until 7:00 pm, or 7:00 pm until 07:00 am. Transition: Now let’s move on to actual descriptions of their individual positions. II. Each level of certificate or degree contains different responsibilities and requirements from job to job, but we will primarily speak of the general standards. CNA- V ital signs assist with or totally perform personal care of each patient, documenting in chart graphs the patient intake and output for a particular time frame, and in some instances performing non-evasive procedures such as Foley catheter insertion, and dressing changes. As a CNA you are more than likely the first point of contact with a patient during your shift, you will spend majority of your time somewhat catering to the patient. You will be supervised by most often an RN and occasionally an LPN depending on the setting. LPN- includes a lot of the above mentioned duties along with medication administration, starting and discontinuing intravenous access, charting full assessments on your patient during beginning of each shift and periodically throughout the shift depending on the status of your patient. Preparing patient for scheduled procedures including ensuring that all proper consent forms are signed and witnessed, administering any type of prep that may have been ordered by the physician. Ensuring that the patient medical record is kept up to date and assisting the physician with any questions or needs he may have in reference to you patient. You will be supervised by an RN. RN- as mentioned in the other two categories you will be responsible for all of the above duties and additional duties. These may include: Mentoring other nurses new to the field or just to your area of specialty, scheduling of your s hift staff, assigning specific patients to specific nurses depending on their level of skill, managing Code situations  in crises and administering certain medication that are governed and cannot be administered by the above mentioned positions. Answering to physicians throughout your shift in reference to patient care, record keeping and scheduling of orders, tests or procedures their patient is in need of. BODY (Continued) ARNP- in this position you are eligible to work independently as well as alongside a physician on a daily basis. You are allowed to write specific orders for tests, medication and procedures for patient with the understanding that a physician will follow behind and co-sign these orders. ARNP’s can and do manage and run independent medical offices while a physician maybe working at the hospital, in the OR, at another clinic. ARNP’s often cover call periods for the physician they work for taking calls throughout the day and night from patients in need. Transition: Keeping in mind that all of the above positions are critical in the overall picture of the healthcare system from a nursing perspective. We have covered the levels of certificates and degrees in nursing now let’s address the bottom line topic. III. This is a topic that causes a lot of individuals to make a decision to become a nurse without truly investigating the duties and responsibilities of someone in the nursing field. It also is a topic that blinds a lot of individuals from assessing their own personality, patience and ability to perform these tasks. CNA- pay scale for the CNA varies depending on the type of facility of which you are employed. Base starting pay is around $8.92 and up to $11.87 according to research posted by www.payscale.com. LPN- pay scale for an LPN varies depending on the type of facility of which you are employed. Base starting pay is $14.09 and up to $20.90 according to research posted by www.payscale.com. RN- pay scale for the RN varies depending on the type of facility of which you are employed. Base starting pay is $20.98 and up to $29.55 according to research posted by www.payscale.com. ARNP- pay scale for the ARNP is based on an annual salary rather than an hourly rate, and again it depends on the type of facility and specialty you practice in. Base starting pay is $65,924 and up to $93,341. CONCLUSION Summary: Taking into account the information I have covered here today,  and considering the salaries I have quoted are all beginning salaries fresh out of school, do you think you have what it takes to make a â€Å"Good† nurse. When I say â€Å"Good† nurse I am speaking of a person who performs their job putting all of the skills they have learned to use, working from their heart and honestly loving their job and the people they care for. An â€Å"OK† nurse is one who is there for the dollar, they are disturbed by the patient complaints, the repetitiveness of their duties and the strenuous demands placed on nursing on a day to day basis. If you are an â€Å"OK† nurse you will be subjected to the term â€Å"BURN OUT† quicker than you will ever begin to enjoy the career path you have invested in. Refocus: In making your decision to become a nurse take into consideration all of the factors that have been presented here today. Truly make this decisio n based on a life time goal and long range plan. It is a demanding, a giving and rewarding profession and there is a need for what we call truly â€Å"Good† nurses. References: Salary Snapshot for Certified Nursing Assistants, update Sept 12, 2010 www.payscale.com/Research/US/Job=Certified_Nurse_Assistant_(CNA)/Hourly_RateSalary Snapshot for Licensed Practical Nurse, updated Sept 19, 2010 www.payscale.com/Research/US/Job=Licensed_Practical_Nurse_(LPN)/Hourly_RateSalary Snapshot for Registered Nurse, updated Sept 15, 2010 www.payscale.com/Research/US/Job=Registered_Nurse_(RN)/Hourly_RateSalary Snapshot for Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner, updated Sept 14, 2010 www.payscale.com/Research/US/Degree=ARNP/Salaryâ€Å"Financial Considerations.† Advance For LPNS (November 2010) Vol. 11

Media Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media Control - Research Paper Example The definition clearly states that media is a communication aimed at reaching a mass audience and when an attempt to control it is; the outcome is not beneficial to the mass audience. The media are the public watchdog informing the masses of the happenings in the country. Many a time’s hostile regimes to free media, use the government machinery at their disposal to oppress their freedom. Some countries use the legislature to introduce laws that are oppressive and ensure that the media is silent. Their best weapon of choice is punitive fines and indefinite closure of the broadcasting stations. Journalists are the most affected by this barbaric behavior. They experience punishments that equate abuse of human rights and constant threats on their lives or their immediate family. Some have even paid with their dear life or forced to go into exile. This research paper aims at bring to light the impact of media control to a country and the lives of journalists who are directly linked with media houses. The main intention of discussing this topic is to highlight the impact of media control and, to provide possible solutions to the menace. The technicality used to discuss the points is literature review on related works by renowned scholars and an interview with a journalist. Types of media control In order to understand the impact of media control it is important to know the forms of media control and the people responsible for controlling the media. Most scholars argue that the government is responsible of controlling the media industry (Sonin 3). When the media in such states try to expose their evils, these governments move with their state machinery to silence the media. The state may decide to control the media directly or indirectly. When the state controls the media directly it entails controlling the type of news media is able to air. The state determines what coverage the media gives to particular incidents and whom to focus on. Most of the time, the me dia are forced to focus on the president of the state and the ruling party politics. This direct control is common in countries as china and Uganda in Africa. In Uganda, a newspaper owned by the Nation Media group The Daily Monitor shutdown indefinitely for exposing the evils done by the government. The police later moved into a Television station affiliated to the newspaper Ntv Uganda offices and vandalized the broadcasting equipment arresting journalists at the same time. This is a form of direct control. Indirect control occurs when the government sweet talks privately owned media station into airing the government-preferred content. Such a case occurred in Mexico when the government offered tax incentives to privately owned media station to only air ruling party agenda and sideline the politicians (Lawson 320). The station had the freedom to air the type of advertisement they wanted and programs in return they pushed for the government agenda to the people. Many countries make d ecisions on the media model they want the country to operate. The different models brought out evidently by various media control scholars include libertarian and authoritarian models. By determining their print, audio and video content as they see fit in the advancement of their business through ads, libertarian model takes center stage. Contrary to freedom of choice of content is the authoritative model where the political big wigs call the shots. They determine

Foster Youth and why they are not succeeding in their Education- Research Paper

Foster Youth and why they are not succeeding in their Education- - Research Paper Example For practically all young individuals, the finale of adolescent life means becoming a part of the employment world, vocational preparation, or post-secondary education. But many are neither in school nor at work, especially among foster youth. A large number of children presently in foster care in the United States are among the highly vulnerable youth in the country (Whiting, 2000). Studies reveal that adults who were previously foster children are more prone to experience low quality of life compared to the mainstream population (Staub & Meighan, n.d.). Thus foster youth are more at-risk of becoming involved in criminal activities, homeless, or reliant on welfare services (Courtney et al., 2010). This paper analyzes the academic performance of youth in foster care and the causes of the observed low educational attainment of these foster youth. Human capital is obviously necessary for success during the passage toward adulthood, yet researchers on previous foster youth discover low academic performance and that they perform poorly in comparison to the general population. Besides proving that previous foster youth have a lower level of educational achievement, most researchers report that they are less able to finish high school or pass the General Education Development (GED) exam (Zeitlin, Weinberg, & Kimm, 2004). Foster youth confront numerous difficulties or challenges throughout their lives. There are an approximated 500,000 foster care children in the U.S. (Finkelstein, Wamsley, & Miranda, 2002, 1). A large number of them have experienced maltreatment and other ordeals both prior to and after they were transferred to foster care, and numerous have particular social, emotional, and medical needs. However, of all the problems foster youth encounter, poor academic performance could have the most severe impact on their liv es. For youth in long-term foster care, a serious problem is the tough transition from

Social intelligence Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social intelligence - Case Study Example There are several ways to keep staff motivated, confident and happy while working, for instance, using rewards or incentives for every job well done. It is suitable for me as the employer to align my own personal economic interests with those of the business (Albrecht, 2006). This will automatically boost my employee’s motivational factor to work even harder with the intention of getting more rewards. This is despite how small or simple a reward may appear similar to a star on the wall or a greater reward. This prompts an employee to work even hard while in quest of competing with fellow peers, hence increase one’s morale and influences the entire workforce (Albrecht, 2006). Another way is by being a leader who leads his employees by example. As the head of the business, I should be true to the business ethics and uphold its brand (Albrecht, 2006). Employees should view me as a role model and put as much effort as I do in successfully running the business. I should show enthusiasm in new projects, display love for the job and ready to take new challenges (Albrecht, 2006). This makes the staff think positively of me and feel secure while working for the business to realize its targets. In addition, I will keep an open working relationship with my employees and let them know their ideas are all important for the business (Albrecht, 2006). I will also offer privileges and few benefits to the workers to know I mind about their welfare and keep them motivated (Albrecht, 2006). These kinds of motivators no matter how small they may appear to them create a big impact where in turn redirect their motivation back to the business. This is through diverse ways like offering breaks for watching television in the office, ordering various supply of fruits for the staff or a half price discount for workers interested in purchasing products from the business. It is also important to motivate employees independently besides motivating them as a group. There are di verse approaches to raising the morale of staff members in a business, for example, by taking an interest in the employees’ future career plans and their balance between work as well as private life. All employees feel appreciated and motivated when they know their leader is mindful of their career plans. I would only achieve this by offering advice to the staff, mentoring them and offering additional training to them for better skills. In addition, I would also assist them in balancing their work and private lives through diverse strategies. For instance, creating a flexible and friendly schedule for all staff and being considerate in personal as well as family commitments incase they arise, for instance, doctor appointments. All employees require public praise. For a job well performed, I praise and commend on the task in front of all the stuff members. Besides, I would run a â€Å"no blame culture† among all the employees. When any worker does not get something righ t, I recommend that they should not blame the person but analyze the issue and establish a solution prior to the business failing. The latter encourages initiative and innovation among the staff, which is extremely essential step of a successful enterprise. 2. Responses or feedbacks are fundamental in changing someone believes and points of view towards a particular issue. In addition, conversation

Reflective Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflective Summary - Essay Example As a student, I must attest to the fact that it provided me with a platform to test some of the beliefs I have developed overtime, thereby determining assumptions that work and at the same time enabled me develop new ideas. The colleges, notably the professors view the process as an opportunity to support students by helping them tackle some of the challenges they might come across in the course of the activity. At the same time, the industry partners, which in this case was YWCA Niagara region benefited in the sense that as a team, we identified some of the HR concerns facing them, and developed strategies and action plans of successfully tackling each issue. One of the essential challenges that my team members faced in the course of working on the assignment was the fact that all of us were passionate of our ideologies, and wanted each member to buy into our perceptions. Nonetheless, we realized that it was better to share a common goal, and that made it easier for us to complete the

Study Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Study Skills - Essay Example Study skills are never attained fully formed, any more than a grown man pops out of his mother’s womb. According to Cottrell(2003 p3)They evolve and mature through repetition, trial and error, critique from others and continued reflection as you progress through your individual journey as a learner The purpose of this module is to provide the opportunity to acquire and develop the study skills that will be necessary to successfully complete this course to a standard that I am aiming for. Being a competent independent learner is derived from being self motivated, being able to manage personal learning processes, good time management skills and continually reflecting on what and how you learn best and tailoring your energies to suit. Within this portfolio I will examine the development of learner independence, time management, self evaluation of personal learning, production of an action plan and improving my essay writing skills. If as anticipated this is completed successfully it will add additional skills to my current ones and aide me in my current quest to secure a higher second grade result on this degree course. Learner independence or autonomy can be defined as â€Å"capacity to take responsibility for, and control of, your own learning, whether in an institutionalised context, or completely independent of a teacher or institution† (Thornbury, 2006). Learner independence is the ability of the learners to control their learning process (Holec, 1981). In the present age, when knowledge is growing at very fast pace because of the ongoing research work and rapid advancements in technology, the importance of independent learning cannot be overemphasized. Learners must understand that the education they are provided with at institutions is time-constrained, and what they need to learn is not limited to what they are taught in schools. Most learners used to learning in

Approve or disapprove each proposal and provide your reasons such as Research Paper

Approve or disapprove each proposal and provide your reasons such as costs, benefits and ethical issues raised in relation to your recommendation to Approve or Disapprove - Research Paper Example If anyone has ever heard of the Tuskegee experiment, or the human experiment performed on Guatemalans by infecting them with STD’s, one knows the dangers that can be inherent upon experimenting on people—which may abound. This research will delve into whether the proposed research and cost, the experimental group and benefits, and the control group and ethics are balanced in experimenting with human subjects. Your committee is the State University IRB. Dr. Jones is interested in the effect of stress on performance on the McCord Intelligence Test. She feels that the test, which is very †¨widely used in public schools, gives misleadingly low scores to kids under stress. The proposed research is about how stress affects student performances on the McCord intelligence test. However, one of the difficulties with such a test is the way in which the experiment was conducted. In order to measure stress—instead of having one group told they had failed and having one group told they had passed—that would not have factored in to stress as much as other ways of testing this. For example, the experimental group could have been given various stressing tasks to do before the test—such as writing a timed essay—while the other group, the control group, would not have to write such an essay before being tested. This would more effectively test the results of stress on students taking tests, some of whom may either underperform on assessments or might have anxiety problems. These people tend not to score well. She †¨wants to divide her subjects (college students) into two groups of 20 each. All subjects †¨will take a bogus pretest and will be given their "results." The experimental group will be †¨told that they failed the test and that it is surprising that they were able to do well enough †¨in high school to get into college. The benefits of the study do not

Repositioning Target Market Demographics Using U.S. Census Data Essay

Repositioning Target Market Demographics Using U.S. Census Data - Essay Example It can be stated that the target customers for compact cassettes could be the students as well as the young people who possesses the fascination in listening music. According to the Census Data of the United States, it has been apparently observed that the nation has the highest amount of listeners. On the basis of this significant data, it can be affirmed from a broader perspective that the repositioning of the product especially targeting the listeners like the youths as well as the students along with others fond of listening music would be beneficial. Relating to the aspect of repositioning, certain key dimensions are needed to be implemented that includes understanding company’s’ effort for doing well, discovering the needs of the customers and exploiting organizational strengths for meeting the demands of the customers. Another key dimension can be identified as culture building for focusing on customers as well as market intelligence (Trout, & Rivkin, 2009). From the above observation it can be stated that in order to enter into new market segment, it is required to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the organizations. It can be observed that compact cassettes requires mass reproducing aspects, phonography records as well as prerecording for attracting customers in the global markets. According to the census data belonging to the US, it can be stated that the target market for the product concerning compact cassettes would be the rural areas of the nations wherein the students and the youths among others resides substantially. It has been apparently observed that the population in the rural areas of the US has been estimated to be nearly about 18% and with targeting this particular market, it would be possible to elevate technological advancements particularly in those areas. In accordance with the reports that published by the US Census Data, it can be observed that the value of shipments and annual payrolls is much higher in the US business markets as compared to others in the global context. The products like compact cassettes entering into the target market i.e. the US would have ample scope of generating greater revenues by delivering quality products to the customers (United States Census Bureau, 2011). 2. Type of Research Required for Repositioning Compact Cassettes The marketing research for products of compact cassettes can be identified as current marketing and promotion plan along with distribution of compensation, current customers profile and competitive products review (McGrath Marketing, n.d). In this similar concern, it can be stated that the types of research required for repositioning the product of compact cassettes in the new target market of the US can be identified as conduction of interview with practitioners, assessing the competition in the target market and developing a detailed understanding of the attributes of products. Furthermore, the other sort of research encompassing conduction of primary along with secondary data is also required for establishing a product such as compact cassettes in the target market of the US. It is quite significant that the identification of competitors within the market segment is quite indispensable for repositioning a product in target market. It can also be stated that the conduction of qualitative research is also required

A Secret Gift Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Secret Gift - Essay Example Interested people were required to write and submit reports telling the benefactor about their economic problems. According to Gup, the primary aim of the gift was to reduce the pain and suffering of poor Cantonians who were bracing themselves for the harshest festive season which most of them had never experienced (34). Eventually, 150 families benefitted from $5 each instead of the earlier planned $10 for 75 families due to the overwhelming response from the needy audience. According to Chambers, Gup was touched by the narrations of suffering amid undying hope of the Cantonians as captured in the letters, which he came across in suitcase that belonged to his grandfather almost eight decades earlier (85). At first, the investigative journalist was keen on uncovering the experiences behind the letters; this led him to scan through the documents and piece up the information by interviewing the authors’ descendants across the country. From the interviews involving hundreds of respondents, Gup has reestablished the role played by Mr B. Virdot’s when the country was reeling in economic meltdown. A substantial number of people could not afford to put bread on the table, while others had run out of coal and clothing among other vital necessities. Gup’s investigations show that his grandfather’s role had substantial impacts on the beneficiaries’ lives when life was practically unbearable. Taylor argues that as a journalist, Gup releases an expose of the sorrows and happiness of the tens of families who were strange to Sam Stone, but whose fortunes were basically the result of Mr Stone’s very complicated life of secrecy, philanthropy and equity (18). Gup reveals deeply hidden facts about Stone’s life; from his humble, abusive childhood experiences to his rather criminal life of evading capture by American authorities for lacking the required immigration documents. Mr Stone’s life in the alien country may have played an

Methodology in action research Essay Example for Free

Methodology in action research Essay Appropriate methods should be employed in the various stages of implementing a successful action research strategy. I have selected the methods discussed below based on their reliability and cost among other important criteria. This research in a qualitative survey and aims at gathering enough data from the selected sample. The data collected will then be subjected to qualitative analysis using the appropriate tools. This paper therefore seeks to gather relevant data from people who are led and those who practice leadership in the selected organizations. The selection of the sample was based random sampling technique so as to avoid bias selection. This is also significant in obtaining composite data that will touch on a variety of organizations that practice leadership. For the participants in this research I have chosen managers of various organizations for instance the sales managers are normally the team leaders in the sales team therefore they can provide the relevant data concerning leadership in their organization. I have also targeted to interview members of such team who are also capable of giving out information regarding to how they relate with their leaders and what they feel about their current leadership . In an organization like a bank I will target the sales representatives of customer relations officers who are part of teams in that particular firm. Data collection The first technique I will use will be the available information. This will be found in books, magazines, journals, reports and the internet. I will go for this technique because I will not spend much besides the information being readily available. But I fear that issues regarding to confidentiality may arise and I may also get incomplete information. The methods should also consider the appropriate demographic that is targeted in the research. Structured interviews in the form of questionnaires can best work for collecting pieces of information form that targeted group. This method is objective and its validity is high. Written questionnaires permitted anonymity and made me get more honest responses from the respondents. The following are examples of questions to be included in the questionnaire; What can you say about leadership in your organization? Are there teams in your organization? Does your team leader understand the needs of the other members? Have you ever been a leader? Do you trust your leaders and are they open to their subjects? What do you think a good leader should have? Do the leaders in your organization understand men and women who work for the organization? Are you contended with the leadership in your organization in terms of human relations? Do you think good human relations affects leadership in your organization? Oral interviews will also utilize because they provide direct contact with the sources of information hence increasing validity. I also preferred this method because of its flexibility besides seeking clarification where doubts exist. If a respondent does not understand well a given question I can give him an example or explain further before getting his/her response. There was a higher response in this method as compared to the written questionnaires where some respondents were asking for more time and some even delayed with their responses. The only problem I expect while using written questionnaires is that some respondents will delay and some will not be honest enough. This is because as they delay with the questionnaires some of them will go consulting and therefore compromise some of the ethical values associated with the information they are supposed to supply. Data analysis This part is vital so as to establish the relevance of what has been gathered Appropriate tools have to be used in this stage because the product will be used for interpretation I would prefer to use bar graphs in the analysis because they are straightforward and can easily convey the expected message. They are also very easy to construct using Ms Excel tools. Ms excel is able to choose different types of bar graphs that will bring out clear comparisons between the variables. I will format the graph in such a way that it will have different colors representing the views of the respondents on some of the questions concerning leadership in their organization for instance I can use Red, Blue and Green to represent Good, Fair and Bad leadership. This can be interpreted by whoever will be reading the report and reveal to him/her that the team members have a specific perception of how social intelligence affects leadership in the society. The bar graphs would be very useful especially when comparing between two or more variables. However one challenge with the bar graphs is that they will require some additional verbal or written explanation to accompany them. This will be a challenge because it will mean additional time will have to be created so as to provide the additional materials in terms of explanations. This will also result in more expenses because more effort will have to be put in.

Accent Strength And Regional Accents

Accent Strength And Regional Accents At a party one night a visitor from another country remarks that You dont have so strong an accent as your friends. You had previously believed that you had no accent and that you spoke like your friends, but the statement helps you to realize that you carry a regional accent, just like everyone else around you. What explanation could you offer your visitor for why you never realized that fact before and why you really do have an accent just like the one your friends have? What explanation could you offer your visitor for why you never realized that fact before? What explanation could you offer your visitor for why you really do have an accent just like the one your friends have? 1) Why I never realised that: a) I had no accent. b) My accent is not as strong as my friends. c) I have an accent just like one of my friends. WHY I NEVER REALISED THAT I HAD AN ACCENT. Most people dont realize that they have an accent because they are accustom to the pronunciation and rhythm of speech in their country. It sounds normal hearing other Trinidadian speak. Whenever I meet foreigners, it intrigues me to hear their accent and I try to figure out which country they are from. Hearing a foreigners accent sounds strange to me because it is not the norm in my place of abode. Although most people have an accent they do not acknowledge this greatly. We live in a society where mostly everyone speaks and sounds the same, with the exception of foreigners and those with speak difficulties. We always consider the main accent as normal and any other accent as funny or strange. I never realized this because I lived my entire in Trinidad and never travelled or lived abroad where my accent was not the popular. Hearing you speak to me makes me realize that the way I speak CUNNING LINGUISTICS Everyone has an accent. Some readers might think, No shit! Thats obvious! But its not obvious, smart arse. A survey held in Britain in 2005 revealed that 7% of respondents dont believe they have an accent. I would claim that the actual figure is even much higher than that. Were all prisoners of our own culture. Living within a society, were surrounded and bombarded by a majority accent. To us, that accent sounds natural and other accents sound different. Sometimes we confuse the familiar accent as being right, and the different ones as being wrong. It may sound silly, but I never realised I had an accent until I set foot in England at age 25. Having lived in Trinidad for my whole life, to me when Trinis spoke it sounded normal. But in England, as soon as I said something people would look at me. The funny thing too is that I had to learn what my accent sounded like by listening to my other Trini friends, and still I didnt think they had an accent. Then I realised I had to listen to intonations of how Trinidadians spoke. Some people change their accents to blend in. However, I think my accent got even thicker, as my way to hold on to my Caribbean identity, and I revelled in speaking Trinidadian Creole (which is a dialect that was formed by slaves mixing English with their own language, and includes unique words and sayings). People say Trinidadians accent sounds happy. To quote a previous boss, she said it sounded like a lilt. When I speak Standard English people understand it quite well. Like Paull says, it depends on how its delivered; its the slang/ dialect that can confuse people. Ive spoken with Paull, and another Aussie and had no problems understanding them. Seems they understood me quite well also, and our accents are quite different. Ask A Linguist FAQ What is an accent? An accent is a way of pronouncing a language. It is therefore impossible to speak without an accent. Some people may think they do not have an accent. Or you may think that there are other people who do not have an accent. Everyone has an accent. The term accentless is sometimes used (by non-linguists) about people who speak one of the high prestige reference accents (such as General American or, less commonly, RP), which are associated with people from a fairly wide region and with people of high social class. But these are also accents. I will mention them again later in this FAQ. MY ACCENT IS NOT AS STRONG AS MY FRIENDS CUNNING LINGUISTICS Accents dont just vary at the level of nationality (e.g., Aussie) or region (e.g., Boston). They also vary with the individual (e.g., you). Your accent is a fingerprint, a totally unique, distinctive way of talking (linguists call this an idiolect). It isnt fixed though. It can change, with the right combination of influence and interest. Recently, some twit asked me, Why dont you sound American yet? Okay, Ive been in the States for two and a half years now, and my accent now sounds a little different to me. But, by contrast, this difference is generally imperceptible to Americans (and non-linguists). Your accent does leave a Hansel and Gretel-like trail of where youve been. Obviously, it takes awhile for a new accent to kick in. Other factors can influence this process too, whether you want to adopt an accent (convergence) or dont want to adopt it (divergence). Accents are like tracking devices that can reveal where youve been. The field of Forensic Linguistics investigates this area. In August 2005, a militant video of an al-Qaeda fighter was found. A forensic linguist was able to determine several aspects of the fighters identity, that he had been raised in Australia and possibly had parents of Middle Eastern descent. This area is useful in legal cases, especially for identification, transcription and in authenticating recordings. Accent (linguistics) Prestige Certain accents are perceived to carry more prestige in a society than other accents. This is often due to their association with the elite part of society. For example in the United Kingdom, Received Pronunciation of the English language is associated with the traditional upper class. I HAVE AN ACCENT JUST LIKE ONE OF MY FRIENDS CUNNING LINGUISTICS Another twit drives around with a bumper sticker on his SUV proclaiming: Welcome to America. Nowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦speak English or get out! What a funny fuck! This pseudo-patriotic, prejudiced twit has no control over who speaks what and where. This is a dynamic process that he can only witness. American English may be the fastest growing version of Englishà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦but Spanish is the fastest growing language in Americaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ So, accents can reveal our regional origins, but they can also suggest what kind of social circles we move in. Compare the Queen of Englands accent to that of a miner in Yorkshire. Accent can also provide info about your economic background and education. Stop practicing your accentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I can hear you right now! Accent (linguistics) As human beings spread out into isolated communities, stresses and peculiarities develop. Over time these can develop into identifiable accents. In North America, the interaction of people from many ethnic backgrounds contributed to the formation of the different varieties of North American accents. It is difficult to measure or predict how long it takes an accent to formulate. Accents in the USA, Canada and Australia, for example, developed from the combinations of different accents and languages in various societies, and the effect of this on the various pronunciations of the British settlers, yet North American accents remain more distant, either as a result of time or of external or foreign linguistic interaction, such as the Italian accent. In many cases, the accents of non-English settlers from Great Britain and Ireland affected the accents of the different colonies quite differently. Irish, Scottish and Welsh immigrants had accents which greatly affected the vowel pronunciation of certain areas of Australia and Canada Social factors When a group defines a standard pronunciation, speakers who deviate from it are often said to speak with an accent. People from the United States would speak with an accent from the point of view of an Australian, and vice versa. Accents such as BBC English or General American may sometimes be erroneously designated in their countries of origin as accentless to indicate that they offer no obvious clue to the speakers regional background. Groups sharing an identifiable accent may be defined by any of a wide variety of common traits. An accent may be associated with the region in which its speakers reside (a geographical accent), the socio-economic status of its speakers, their ethnicity, their caste or social class, their first language (when the language in which the accent is heard is not their native language), and so on. Regional accents of English Local accents are part of local dialects. Any dialect of English has unique features in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. The term accent describes only the first of these, namely, pronunciation. See also: List of dialects of the English language. Non-native speakers of English tend to carry over the intonation and phonemic inventory from their mother tongue into their English speech. For more details see Non-native pronunciations of English. Among native English speakers, many different accents exist. Some regional accents are easily identified by certain characteristics. Further variations are to be found within the regions identified below; for example, towns located less than 10 miles (16 km) from the city of Manchester such as Bolton, Oldham and Salford, each have distinct accents, all of which form the Lancashire accent, yet in extreme cases are different enough to be noticed even by a non-local listener. There is also much room for misunderstanding between people from different regions, as the way one word is pronounced in one accent (for example, petal in American English) will sound like a different word in another accent (for example, pearl in Scottish English). Your accent results from how, where, and when you learned the language you are speaking and it gives impressions about you to other people. People do not have a single fixed accent which is determined by their experiences. We can control the way we speak, and do, both consciously and unconsciously. Most people vary their accent depending on who they are speaking with. We change our accents, often without noticing, as we have new life experiences. How accurate people are in knowing about you from your accent depends not only on the features of your accent, but also on who the listener is, and what they know about the other people who speak with a similar accent to you. Your accent might be one that is associated with people from a particular place (for example, with being from New York, London, or Delhi). Some people might just hear you as simply being from the US, England, or India. Your accent might give the impression that you spoke some other language before the one you are speaking at the moment (you might speak French with an English accent, or English with a Korean accent). Its impossible to speak without conveying some information through your accent. All languages are spoken with several different accents. There is nothing unusual about English. And not everyone who comes from the same place speaks the same: in any place there is a variety of accents. Language changes over time. We get new words, there are grammatical changes, and accents change over time. If you listen to recordings made by people from your own language community 100 years ago, you will hear for yourself that even over that time accents have changed. Try out some of the links from the Spoken Word Archive Group , for example. Why do languages develop different accents? Human nature. In all sorts of ways, we behave like those we mix with. We are members of social groups, and within our social group we like to behave in similar ways and show that we belong. We do this in language as well as in other ways (e.g. what we wear, what we eat). When groups become distinct, the way they speak becomes distinct too. This happens socially and geographically, but is easiest to illustrate by geographical differences. If a single group splits into two (imagine that one half goes to Island A and one half to Island B), then once they have separated, their accents will change over time, but not in the same way, so that after just one generation the accent of Island A will be different from the accent of Island B. If they stay completely separated for centuries, their dialects may become so different that we will start wanting to say they are speaking two different languages. Why are the accents a particular place like they are? Separate development accounts for some accent variation. But sometimes we need to talk about the first generation of speakers of a particular language brought up in a new place. The first children to grow up in a new place are very important. The children who grow up together are a peer group. They want to speak the same as each other to express their group identity. The accent they develop as they go through their childhood will become the basis for the accents of the new place. So where does their accent come from? The first generation of children will draw on the accents of the adults around them, and will create something new. If people move to a new place in groups (as English speakers did to America, Australia and New Zealand) that group usually brings several different accents with them. The children will draw on the mixture of accents they hear and create their own accent out of what they hear. The modern accents of Australia are more similar to London accents of English than to any other accent from England this is probably because the founder generation (in the eighteenth century) had a large component drawn from the poor of London, who were transported to Australia as convicts. The accents of New Zealand are similar to Australian accents because a large proportion of the early English-speaking settlers of New Zealand came from Australia. The mix found in the speech of the settlers of a new place establishes the kind of accent that their children will develop. But the first generation born in the new place will not keep the diversity of their parents generation they will speak with similar accents to the others of their age group. And if the population grows slowly enough, the children will be able to absorb subsequent children into their group, so that even quite large migrations of other groups (such as Irish people into Australia) will not make much difference to the accent of the new place. Most parents know this. If someone from New York (US) marries someone from Glasgow (Scotland, UK), and these two parents raise a child in Leeds (England, UK), that child will not speak like either of the parents, but will speak like the children he (I know of such a child!) is at school with. About Accents By Shiromi Nassreen, eHow Contributor When we hear a voice, one of the first things we might notice is a persons accent, particularly if that accent happens to be different from our own. If we cant see the person, we may even come to conclusions based on the accent. Accents can give us perceptions about a person that are not always accurate, such as how intelligent the person is or how much money he makes. What is an Accent? 1. An accent is the way in which a person pronounces a word in a language. Accents are caused by a number of factors, primarily the region that someone is from, where he learned to speak the language and his social background. However, despite that fact that accents tend to give away information regarding a persons background, accents can be changed. In fact, people will often unknowingly change their accents to fit their current location and social group. Some believe that they dont have an accent because it is a more commonly known accent such as the General American accent or the British Received Pronunciation typically seen on television; however, it is still an accent. The Origin of Accents 2. Accents develop and change naturally over time. However, a primary cause for the changing of an accent is when groups of people migrate to new locations. People will usually speak with the same accent as their peers. This helps to create a group identity. When groups migrate, such as the settlers of North America, they find themselves among a group where a variety of languages and accents is being spoken. The children of that group will draw on the accents spoken around them and develop a new accent. Accents and Development 3. Accents are often developed during childhood. Generally, children often find it easier to pick up accents. If a child whose parents are from England moves to Australia, the child is unlikely to speak with an English accent, speaking instead with the accent of the childs peers. However, should the child as an adult later wish to change her accent, that is also possible. Accents and Social Factors 4. Accents can not only indicate a region that a person is from but also that persons social background. Often certain accents are stereotypically associated with a certain class. British Received Pronunciation is usually associated with the upper class and a well-educated person. According to a study at Bath Spa University, the Brummie accent of Birmingham is thought to be the least intelligent of all the British regional accents studied. However, a person unfamiliar with these stereotypesan American, for examplewould not have the same perceptions of the accent.

The Production Of Ammonium Nitrate

The Production Of Ammonium Nitrate Moreover, the emission of SO2, NH3 and NO in the atmosphere and particular matter of the secondary compound can form also ammonium nitrate. At room temperature and standard pressure, the ammonium nitrate looks like white crystalline solid. The three figures below show the structure formula, and ball-stick model of the crystal structure of ammonium nitrate. Ammonium-nitrate-xtal-3D-balls-A.png Marketing the ammonium nitrate as fertilizer became famous worldwide since 1920s. Than the market started to become low in 2001 and 2002 due to the security concern that followed in September 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center which made it very difficult to produce, transport and handle ammonium nitrate. After that, because of the changes that accrued in agricultural subsidy policies, urea has become the most important compound. This is because urea has miner safety issues, higher nitrogen fertilizer content, and it is less expensive to manufacture. In 2004, the consumption of ammonium nitrate started to improve. The ammonium nitrate is concentrated so the amount of ammonium nitrate present is more than in a given quantity of solvent such as water, NH3 and HNO3. This process is done in an evaporator. The feed enter the evaporator tank which is supported with the re-boiler heat exchanger. The heat exchanger re-boiled the ammonium nitrate solution until the solvents such as H2O, NH3 and HNO3 evaporated leaving a more concentrated solution called melt ammonium nitrate. Usually the amount of melt ammonium nitrate melt resulting from the evaporator is 95% to 99.8%. In addition, the evaporated solvent will be recycled back to the CSTR. Additives such as magnesium oxide or magnesium nitrate which they are not widely used are sometimes added to the melt ammonium nitrate for many reasons. One of the reasons is to increase the crystalline transition temperature of the final ammonium nitrate solid product. Moreover, they are used to reduce the caking by removing the water or any other liquids, and to reduce the freezing point of molten ammonium nitrate to allow solidification to happen at a low temperature. The additive and the molten ammonium nitrate are mixed in a static mixer. The most common process to produce solid ammonium nitrate with the spherical shape is prilling process. A prill tower is used to produce the prills of solid ammonium nitrate. On the top of the prill tower, the concentrated melt of ammonium nitrate melt is sprayed, and on the bottom of the prill tower, an air is rising by a blower. The falling droplets of ammonium nitrate is cooled and solidified into a spherical prills when they are encounter to a rising air. Sometime the end products have low density prills due to the concentration of the molten ammonium nitrate. The low density prills have more porous than high density prills. Therefore, the prills will absorb moisture content more easily, and may cause lamps and product deterioration. Drying process by vaporization is required to remove water or any other liquid from the solid ammonium nitrate prills. In a static bed tower, the solid prills are placed there and from the bottom of the tower, a hot air is passed through the solid prills. The desired end product is spherical ammonium nitrate solid. However, the solid product may produce in variety of sizes. A screen process is needed to check consistently the sizes of the solid product to have only the required size. The off size prills are recycled back to the evaporation process. The right size prills send to a cooling process, where it cools down the end product for further operations. Coating process is needed to protect the product from agglomeration during storage and shipment. However, sometimes it is not needed. This is because the additives that were added before was melted before solidification. Therefore, there is no need to coat the products with clays or diatomaceous earth for product protection. Finally, the end products of ammonium nitrate solid prills are manufactured. Therefore, there are ready for storage or shipment by bulk or bags. 2. Production of granulated solid ammonium nitrate Processing granules solid ammonium nitrate is the same as the first production of prills of solid ammonium nitrate. However, this time instead of using prill tower, it uses rotary drum. This occurred by spraying concentrated ammonium nitrate in a rotating cylindrical drum onto small and fine particles of ammonium nitrate. As particular rotate in the rotary drum, layers of NH4NO3 are added to particles which form granules. The NH4NO3 solid will than goes to the scanner. The ammonium nitrate granules are cooled down to avoid lamps. The under-size granules are crushed and recycled back to the rotary drum as particles. On the other hand, the oversize granules are dissolved and recycled back to the solution process. 3. Ammonium nitrate solution process: Ammonia gas NH3 and nitric acid solution HNO3 is added to a neutralization reactor. This process is an exothermic neutralization reaction which produced ammonium nitrate solution with steam. Therefore, the reactor that used is jacket continues stirred tank reactor the resulting steam which is vapor water, ammonia, and nitric acid is send to the ammonium nitrate scrubber to remove it from the neutralization reactor. The steam can be purified or can be condensed than purified. In addition, the steam can be used in the evaporator to concentrate ammonium nitrate solution or a pre heater. . The resulting solution is send to random tank after the solution is cooled. Finally the product is shipped to other plants for further processing. The picture below shows the production of ammonium nitrate solution. Process selection: The most significant aim in producing ammonium nitrate is to enhance the properties of agriculture around the world as a fertilizer. It improves the growth of the plants, gives nutrition, and makes it healthy and free from diseases. It is cheap and available in agriculture stores. It can also be used in explosive, but it is very dangerous and risky. It affects the public safety in the country. Therefore, production of spherical solid ammonium nitrate process is the best selection than the others for many factors. Around 60% in the US and in other European countries companies produced solid ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 as a fertilizer. Moreover, granulation technique is old technique and it requires more complicated plants and a variety of equipments such as rotating drums, fluidized beds and more. Currently, there are no plants in Europe using this technique any more. Nowadays, most fertilizers companies use prill technique for the production of solid ammonium nitrate. Conclusion In brief, the production of ammonium nitrate was done by adding ammonia gas and nitric acid solution. The production of ammonium nitrate passed through three main unit operations, which they are neutralization, evaporation and solidification. The choice of the final product was influenced by the commercial matter. Chemical and physical properties ammonium nitrate shows how it can be used in industrial market. It can be used mostly in agriculture and as explosive agent. The aim of the process was to produce a spherical solid ammonium nitrate as a fertilizer to help improve the agriculture market. The prill tower was used instead of rotary drum to get the required end product. Some diagrams such as block flow diagram, process flow diagram and Aspen Hysys diagram was drown to shows the flow of the ammonium nitrate production.

The Rebirth of Ignatius in The Confederacy of Dunces Essay examples --

The Rebirth of Ignatius in The Confederacy of Dunces      Ã‚  Ã‚   "You learnt everything, Ignatius, except how to be a human being" (375).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chained to a dominant character who is so vast and yet so embryonic that he is not only protagonist but also, in many ways, his own antagonist, The Confederacy of Dunces, by John Kennedy Toole, has been called "a broad satirical view of the modern world" (Holditch "Introduction" The Neon Bible xi). Since this short definition fails to explain that the view presented is primarily that of the slug-like character of Ignatius Jacques Reilly, it also fails to take into account that one's view from the womb is, of necessity, somewhat limited. Although Ignatius is thirty years old and has a Master's Degree, he is so emotionally unprepared for life that he hides in the safety and sanctuary of his womb-like bedroom, anxiously peers out at the world around him, and condemns all that he sees. As observed from this view, the world does, indeed, appear to be a fearful place.    Having lost faith in modern religion at a young age, Ignatius claims to embrace a medieval worldview in which fate rather than free will is mandated. Like Oedipus, Ignatius attempts to evade his destiny, but rather than trying to run from it, and thus, running right into it as did Oedipus, Ignatius attempts to hide from his fate by refusing life, itself. Afraid of both life and death, Ignatius lives in a Limbo of his own devising. In his writings, Ignatius declares, "'I have always been forced to exist on the fringes of society, consigned to the Limbo reserved for those who do know reality when they see it'" (30). Of course, in rejecting his own possibilities to participate actively in determining the outcome of events in... ...res a jump-start--a massive jolt of terror-inspired impulses. Ignatius now reaches such a moment when his life is charged by this powerful psychological and physiological impetus.       In spite of the fear which propels him, there is finally hope for Ignatius. Waddling fearfully into the world, he can now learn to accept his common fate with the rest of humanity--his own humanness and inherent vulnerability in a world over which he has no control. In her frustration and resignation, Ignatius' little mother, an unusual Earth Mother at best, once sadly and plaintively tells her son, "You learnt everything, Ignatius, except how to be a human being" (375). Therein lies a lesson for us all.      Works Cited Holditch, W. Kenneth. The Neon Bible. Grove Press: New York, 1989. Toole, John Kennedy. A Confederacy of Dunces. Grove Weidenfeld: New York, 1980. The Rebirth of Ignatius in The Confederacy of Dunces Essay examples -- The Rebirth of Ignatius in The Confederacy of Dunces      Ã‚  Ã‚   "You learnt everything, Ignatius, except how to be a human being" (375).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chained to a dominant character who is so vast and yet so embryonic that he is not only protagonist but also, in many ways, his own antagonist, The Confederacy of Dunces, by John Kennedy Toole, has been called "a broad satirical view of the modern world" (Holditch "Introduction" The Neon Bible xi). Since this short definition fails to explain that the view presented is primarily that of the slug-like character of Ignatius Jacques Reilly, it also fails to take into account that one's view from the womb is, of necessity, somewhat limited. Although Ignatius is thirty years old and has a Master's Degree, he is so emotionally unprepared for life that he hides in the safety and sanctuary of his womb-like bedroom, anxiously peers out at the world around him, and condemns all that he sees. As observed from this view, the world does, indeed, appear to be a fearful place.    Having lost faith in modern religion at a young age, Ignatius claims to embrace a medieval worldview in which fate rather than free will is mandated. Like Oedipus, Ignatius attempts to evade his destiny, but rather than trying to run from it, and thus, running right into it as did Oedipus, Ignatius attempts to hide from his fate by refusing life, itself. Afraid of both life and death, Ignatius lives in a Limbo of his own devising. In his writings, Ignatius declares, "'I have always been forced to exist on the fringes of society, consigned to the Limbo reserved for those who do know reality when they see it'" (30). Of course, in rejecting his own possibilities to participate actively in determining the outcome of events in... ...res a jump-start--a massive jolt of terror-inspired impulses. Ignatius now reaches such a moment when his life is charged by this powerful psychological and physiological impetus.       In spite of the fear which propels him, there is finally hope for Ignatius. Waddling fearfully into the world, he can now learn to accept his common fate with the rest of humanity--his own humanness and inherent vulnerability in a world over which he has no control. In her frustration and resignation, Ignatius' little mother, an unusual Earth Mother at best, once sadly and plaintively tells her son, "You learnt everything, Ignatius, except how to be a human being" (375). Therein lies a lesson for us all.      Works Cited Holditch, W. Kenneth. The Neon Bible. Grove Press: New York, 1989. Toole, John Kennedy. A Confederacy of Dunces. Grove Weidenfeld: New York, 1980.

An Analysis of Adam’s Song Essay -- Adam’s Song

An Analysis of Adam’s Song  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bob McKenty suggests in the poem "Adam's Song" that life is not a stationary event, it is forever changing and that in order to handle those changes humor serves as a good buffer. The tone of "Adam's Song" changes distinctly at least three times. McKenty uses rhythm, rhyme, and meter to express the essence of change in the poem and in life. The first couplet of the poem is iambic tetrameter and expresses a sentimental, romantic and lyrical tone. The speaker in the poem at this point could be described as a possibly young and naive lover. The author uses the uniformed meter, assonance and ending rhyme with few surprises to declare the traditionally romantic and lyrical "love poem" style verse of the first two lines "Come live with me and be my love./Come romp with me in Eden's grove". McKenty uses an irregular change in meter and internal rhyme in lines 3 and 4 to begin the emphasis on the inevitable changes of life "In unabated joy, not shy/But unabashed by nudity..." In the second couplet the idealism of the first two lines also changes to...

American Indians Essay -- essays research papers

“’Indians’: Textualism, Morality, and the Problem of History';, an essay written by Jane Tompkins, a professor of English at Duke University, outlines Tompkins dissatisfaction on how American Indians are portrayed throughout history. As children, we are taught that in “1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue';, and that Peter Minuet bought all of Manhattan Island from the Indians for only twenty-four dollars worth of trinkets. In high school, we were taught that in World War II, the Germans were all heartless savages, and that the best course of action to end the war was to use the atomic bomb on Japan. It is seen that “the victor writes the history books.'; In other words, the dominant cultures and societies that conquer and overshadow lesser societies have the privilege of writing history. For example, if Germany won World War II, would the history books have mentioned the holocaust of the Jews? The problem with history is that history is defined in terms of the author’s point of view. There is no scientific process by which history is written; therefore we must discern what is the real truth versus someone’s biases and point of view. “The problem is that if all accounts of events are determined through and through by the observer’s frame of reference, then one will never know, in any given case, what really happened,'; (Tompkins, 410).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tompkins researched s...

Characteristics of Orsino in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Knight

Characteristics of Orsino in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Knight Love is desirable, everyone is in search of it, but some take it too far. Some let it control you, and reveal characteristics that ought not to be revealed. Orsino, in the twelfth knight for example let’s love control him revealing aspects of his personality that reveal is obsession with love. Some Notable Characteristics of the Duke of Illyria are his moodiness, selfishness and how he is a fool for love. Orsino is a gentleman who is in search of love, and while eagerly searching; his moodiness and foolishness is revealed. Struggling to find love, Orsino’s temperamental moodiness is revealed. His moodiness is revealed early in the play when Orsino interrupts his own musicians while they are playing to satisfy his needs. Orsino has musicians playing around him in hopes that it will distract his thoughts from how bad he wants to find love. Orsino says, â€Å"Enough; no more: ‘Tis not so sweet now as it was before. (Act I, Scene I) This reveals Orsino’s moodiness because the musicians were only trying to cheer him up, and Orsino deliberately and rudely interrupts them because the music was doing no good in hopes of cheering up his lonely heart. Also, later in the play Feste even points out Orsino’s moodiness. Feste compares Orsino's erratic moods to a gemstone when he says the Duke's â€Å"mind is very opal. † (Scene II, act IV) An opal is a gemstone th at shimmers and shifts in colors. Although, this is not meant to be a compliment by Feste, Feste is rather implying that Orsino is temperamental and unstable, like an opal constantly shifting in colors. Although, for Orsino, unlike an opal constantly shifting in colors, what shifts constantly is his moods. Orsino is a man who is more fixated with the fantasy of love than the reality of love, which portrays his selfishness in just wanting to fulfill his own desires. Orsino seems to be a man who is in love with the idea of being in love. The play begins with Orsino saying, â€Å"If music be the food of love, play on; Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting, The appetite may sicken, and so die. That strain again! it had a dying fall: O, it came o'er my ear like the sweet sound, That breathes upon a bank of violets, Stealing and giving odour! † (Act I, Scene I) Orsino is very fixated with love, willing to do whatever it takes to satisfy his own needs. He is so willing he even attempts to find love in a woman in which he knows doesn’t feel the same about him. Orsino fights to have Olivia love him back, in fact the more Olivia rejects him the more it seems Orsino tries t pursue her. Orsino doesn’t care that she has no love for him back, he just wants to find love, and that’s the selfishness within him. Orsino is a man in search of love, so determined to find it he makes a fool of himself. Based upon the opening scene we know Orsino is a passionate man who is out in search of the love of Olivia. Orsino says he is in love for the countess, but Orsino doesn’t truly know her, he just knows of her. When Orsino describes one of his fantasies, you can determine from it that it has nothing to do with the countess. The first time Orsino saw Olivia he describes, â€Å"That instant was I turn'd into a hart; And my desires, like fell and cruel hounds, E'er since pursue me. †(Act I, Scene I) Orsino says he was turned into a â€Å"hart† (a male deer and also a play on the word â€Å"heart†) and that he was chased or hunted by his own desires, which were like â€Å"hounds. † So, Orsino doesn't imagine his pursuit of Olivia so much as he fixates on his pursuit of himself in a fantasy that is all about him. He is a fool for love, fixated so much around it that he tries to make himself believe he is in love with someone he truly doesn’t even know. Orsino’s moodiness, selfishness, and foolishness all revolve around what means the most to Orsino, love. His moodiness flares up when dealing with the problems he faces when trying to find love. Orsino’s selfishness is revealed in the way he pursues a countess that doesn’t love him back, yet doesn’t even know him. Foremost, his foolishness is revealed by the way he tries to find love in general. Revolving so much around trying to find love, that he goes to extreme measures that makes him look foolish. In fact, anyone trying to find love as hard as Orsino should be looked at as foolish too. You cannot force love upon anyone, and you should never force it upon yourself, or you will be compelled as selfish in the fact that you want love so bad you do extraordinarily selfish things to do so. Like trying to love a woman who doesn’t love you back. Love is something that cannot be forced, that Orsino apparently doesn’t know, causing him to be moody, look selfish, and be a fool for love.

Urbanism and Architecture

Dwelling is the combination of computer computer computer architecture and urbanismBrooding, as a fadeographic spirit level to populate, pot be a house, a level, an plain or other topographical delegate of abode. It is a topographic prove where military man spent of most of their enclothe dapple indoor. The construct of home has been changed everyplace the run 100s old ages, in that period, the many wistful building in incompatible topographic point of the macrocosm represent an completely local civilization with assorted within, exterior, complex body part, and so on However, in modern yearss, most of these symbols and architectural manners had already dis erupted, brooding constructions on this planet whole blend into unmatched manner Urbanism. It becomes to a greater extent of an urban infinites, a topographic point offers whatchamac allum and ending alternatively of an art production within its totally architectural manner. rapid eye movement sleepm ert Koolhaas was born in 1944 in Rotterdam, sensation of the greatest contemporaneousness architecture in the universe. In ab authorized old ages he was a newsperson and scriptwriter. After analyzing architecture between 1968 and 1972 in AASchoolcomputer architecture, and in Cornell University, with Zaha Hadid, Elia Zenghelis they established OMA. During his architecture look his celebrated plants include Villa of Bordeaux, CCTV central office in Beijing and Seattle Central depository library in USA etc. In 2000, He acquired the Pritzker Architecture Price.His plants are to a great extent based on surrealism unite with neoplasticism. Furthermore he adds the al unmatched trait of the environment and society into constructions form and construction in order to show unlike thoughts and ideas from human. Doroteo arango of Bordeaux is a undefiled illustration demoing rapid eye movements manner home, uniting urbanisms appliance and technology and beauties of the architecture.Now we are left(p) with a universe with out(p) urbanism, merely architecture, of all era more architecture.In the leger S, M, L, XL , What of all time happened to urbanism , paradoxical sleep Koolhaas suggests thatNow we are left with a universe without urbanism, merely architecture, of all time more architecture.( S,M,L,Forty, rapid eye movement Koolhaas,Bruce Mau, 1995, pp. 967 ). Of class urbanism quiet down exist today, but the urbanism we have is the one different to what rapid eye movement Koolhaas described, it is the one intrusion by the modernisation, it is a blend inure of urbanism. directly urban spread outing so speedy with the cast out impact from 20Thursdaycenturys modern motion, in the past decennaries winding economic system and fiscal evolution are easy destructing traditional urban and its quality. This leads to the urban today where metropolis is the build of citizens present demands as Rem described as Exile to the matter-of-fact world . ( S, M, L, XL Re m Koolhaas, Bruce Mau, 1995, pp. 967 ) When designers planing metropoliss, buildings or domain of a functionscapes, excessively many things that poop non be controlled. Therefore architecture is necessary or nevertheless indispensable for new urbanism. Rem suggests several(prenominal) points for the ideal new urbanism should no nightlong be c at a timerned with the organisation no longer take for stable configurations denying boundaries detecting hybridsreinvention of psychological blank shell( S,M,L,FortyRem Koolhaas,Bruce Mau, 1995, pp. 969-971 ).In Bordeaux, an old twosome wanted a new house after the married man experienced a auto throw and has to pass the remainder of his live on the wheelchair. Rem was the interior decorator. Sing preserves incommodiousness, an wax was added to the house as a representation of the urbanism, and resigns into his personal universe where he mickle happen the guts belonging. In the Villa he made the bob up a negotiable floor slab. rhytidoplasty moves among belowground floor, stain floor and relatively enclosed first floor, beside is a ring vertically through the bountiful edifice, with all keep ups personal material, the concord isR.Koolhaas/OMA, Lemoine house, Floirac, come up Bordeaux, 1994-98, In collaboration with Ove Arup. Preliminary studyno longer a concern. While it is traveling, this go up becomes husbands personal topographic point and an independent infinite in the edifice. This becomes a emblem of urbanisms reinvention of psychological space , denying boundaries of the floor. To husbands point of fructify, the edifice is no longer separated as three different floors but as one structural infinite. Furthermore, this Villa characteristic of loan-blend of new urbanism by utilizing different kinds of oversupply is different parts of the edifice. Building was primed(p) on the top of the hill, touch with passive grass knock down and shrub. Therefore the land floor and first floor was g enerally built by glass bulwark so that individual unrecorded privileged the Villa bed hold the great linear perspective of Bordeaux metropolis. Above the glass surround is the dormancy room made by cover, appear as a heavy stroke seat blowing in the air finding a certain solution for layout of the edifice and quality of the infinite. However, glass wall can non afford the weight of the concrete slab, Rem use a particular construction to work out the job A steel portal and a mess piloti with a self-aggrandizing diameter in strengthened concrete, reminiscent of the 1s in the pioneer for Agadir. To present a farther, decisive localise of ocular instability. ( Roberto Gargiani, 2008, pp. 212 ) . On the top of the concrete piloti is a long glistening chromium steel steel construction with the full-grown concrete box on one side, on the other side is a orotund over-hanged concrete block conceal in the terrace garden, accomplishing equilibrium and do the top concrete box seems to drift even more vividly. This engineering is attached with the tradition launched by ledoux with the house pended. The perfect combination and loanblend of glass wall and concrete wall construction once more express Rems ideal urbanism.Thyminehe over-hanged concrete block inhumed in the terrace garden.Alternatively of implementingcoexistence, pretentiousness depends on governments of freedom, the assembly of maximal difference.It sounds impractical for an designer or even designers to curb a big thing the like skyscraper, big landscape or even a metropolis. When the modernize urbanism meets architecture, the job of the big occurs. Beyond a certain graduated table, architecture acquires the belongingss of breadth.( S,M,L,FortyRem Koolhaas,Bruce Mau, 1995, pp.494-516 ). Nowadays, between modernisations which is what citizens need and get, and architecture which is the art of the edifice, urbanism take what citizens need and this is when architecture start to fall. Art and beauty of architecture is useless against urbanism. However, puffiness is a solution, it is the 1 architecture that can last, even influence .( S,M,L,FortyRem Koolhaas,Bruce Mau, 1995, pp.494-516 ). Just like what Rem said, Bigness is the solution or possibly the alone(predicate) solution for urbanism and architectures assembly. kind of of implementing coexistence, largeness depends on governments of freedom, the assembly of maximal difference. Suggests Rems thought by utilizing largeness, freedom and big infinite to yoke architecture and urbanism. Evoke the thought of largeness is to offer everyone unrecorded under urbanism maximal infinite, freedom and privateness.There are several utilizations of the largeness and in Rems residential work Villa of Bordeaux, such as ascension. In the theory of largeness The lift with its possible to set up mechanistic instead than architectural connection.( S,M,L,FortyRem Koolhaas,Bruce Mau, 1995, pp.494-516 ) .The art of architect ure become useless in the big size edifice. To avoid this Rem turn the traditional lift into a movable elephantine floor slab. Alternatively do a individual room for the hubby, this lift makes the all three floor as a infinite for hubby, remain the engineering of largeness and the art of architecture at the kindred clip. TheR.Koolhaas/OMA, Villa Lemoine, Floirac, near Bordeaux, 1994-98, in coaction with Ove Arup.Tocopherollevator-living room with the nomadic platform.lift can travel from opening public invigoration room to private sleeping room, gives him suitable infinite but at the like clip governments of freedom. Another illustration is the shabu wall under the concrete box sleeping room. With a brief tone from exterior, the edifice looks like typical modernised urbanism type house. However the comparing of the top concrete close up type bed room and opening land floor with glass wall adjoin represent the assemble of two different constructs and thoughts. This Villa has more than 400 meters square land and three floors. The big infinite combined with glass wall enlarge the mavin of freedom andThe apparent failure of the urban offers an exceeding chanceModernization to a great extent impact on urbanism on the negative side. Within globalisation in urbanism, brooding constructing all over the universe are going more and more similar, some alone characteristic are diminishing. More edifices portion same construction, same form and same manner. These took the original urbanism off from the metropolis, alternatively, urban become a grave topographic point full of steel framed edifice. This is the where Rem Koolhaas pointed out that In a landscape of increase expedience and impermanency, urbanism no longer is or has to be the most solemn of our end urbanism can be lighten up, go a Gay Science wakeful Urbanism.( S,M,L,FortyRem Koolhaas,Bruce Mau, 1995, pp.961-971 ). In modern yearss, under the fail urbanism, the new environment of urban is no longe r a series topographic point for life but a topographic point where people can happen themselves belong to, a topographic point that non merely convey them convenience and comfort, but besides a uncomplicated topographic point where they find bonk to remain, where they can happen felicity and attention.R.Koolhaas/OMA, Villa Lemoine, Flo-rac, near Bordeaux, 1994-98, in col-aboration with Ove Arup.Intermediate & A high-level programs brush subdivisionIn that instance, Villa of Bordeaux can be the representation of Lite urbanism , constructing itself was a merchandise of urbanism, offer people who live inside a topographic point to rest, lift offer hubby who has to pass his life on wheel chair convenience, On the wall of the natation box, several holes with different pinnacle enable people at different degree to look at the position outside. Furthermore about urbanism, house was station on the top of the hill surrounded with no other edifice but rather grass land and shrubs, dif ferent from the normal home edifice subside in the metropolis. Evokes an thought of the proprietor of the edifice who wants to take root of this topographic point and live in privacy. Without the crowd and noise, Villa of Bordeaux becomes a representation of Lite Urbanism . Although the failure of the urbanism brings negative effects to metropoliss, still Rem Koolhaas treats it as an chance at the same clip and he designed tonss of astonishing architectural edifices such as Villa of Bordeaux.Rem Koolhaas, 1996. Rem Koolhaas Conversations with Students ( Architecture at Rice ) . 1 Edition. Princeton Architectural Press.Roberto Gargiani, 2008. Rem Koolhaas/OMA ( Essays in Architecture ) . 1 Edition. Rouledgehypertext transfer protocol //wp.architecture.com.au/venicebiennale/venice-events/